+ General Considerations
- Uterine tumors are rare and account for 0.3%-0.4% of all canine tumors
- Leiomyoma accounts for 85%-90% and leiomyosarcoma accounts for 10% of uterine tumors in dogs
- Leiomyomas are non-invasive, non-metastatic and slow-growing
- Gross differentiation of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma is difficult
- Congenital multiple uterine leiomyoma reported in GSD with renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis
- Others uterine tumors include adenoma, ADC, fibroma, FSA, and lipoma
CLINICAL FEATURES
+ Clinical Signs
- Middle-aged to older animals
- No breed predilections
- Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma are usually incidental findings during ovariohysterectomy
- Abdominal enlargement with palpable abdominal mass
- Hydrometra or mucometra if lumen obstructed
- Dysuria, hematuria, and vaginal discharge can occur with pyometra
+ Diagnosis
- Abdominal palpation
- Survey radiographs and ultrasonography to confirm origin of mass
- Histopathology
+ Treatment
- Ovariohysterectomy
- Role and effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is unknown
+ Prognosis
- Surgical excision is curative for leiomyoma and other benign lesions
- Prognosis is good for leiomyosarcoma and other malignant tumors if surgical excision is complete and there is no evidence of metastatic disease