+ General Considerations
- Odontogenic tumors arise from dental lamina and may arise from either dental epithelium or nests of epithelial cells
- Odontogenic tumors account for 2.4% of feline oral tumors with all cats < 18 months
- Odontogenic tumors are benign and do not metastasize
- Classification of epithelial odontogenic tumors: inductive and non-inductive
- Classification is based on ability of tumor to induce a stromal reaction in adjacent connective tissue
Inductive Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors
+ General Considerations
Types:
- Ameloblastic fibroma
- Dentinoma
- Ameloblastic complex
- Compound odontoma
+ Inductive Fibroameloblastoma
- Rare
- Signalment: young (6-18 months) and male
- Location: rostral to and including canine tooth of either the mandible or maxilla (common)
- Benign but causes variable degree of bone destruction, production, and expansion
- Teeth deformity is common
- Treatment: mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, surgical debulking, cryosurgery, or radiation therapy
- Good control rates with aggressive therapy
- Adjunctive radiation therapy has been used with good results in 3 cats with incompletely excised tumors
- Metastasis has not reported
+ Odontoma
- Rare and benign tumors arising from dental follicle during the early stages of tooth development
- Diagnosed when there is evidence of induction of both enamel and dentin
- Intraosseous and locally invasive but does not metastasize
- Treatment: surgical debulking and cryosurgery or wide surgical excision
Non-Inductive Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors
+ General Considerations
Types:
- Ameloblastoma
- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
+ Ameloblastoma
- Often confused with acanthomatous epulis due to similar histologic characteristics
- Intraosseous and locally invasive but does not metastasize
- Treatment: mandibulectomy or maxillectomy, surgical debulking, cryosurgery, or radiation therapy
- 2-year mean survival time following radiation therapy in dogs
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor
+ General Considerations
- Benign and rare tumor of the tooth-forming apparatus
- Produce a mineralized substance and amyloid
- Biologic behavior: slow invasion of adjacent tissue resulting in osteolysis or deformation of mandible or maxilla
- Treatment: mandibulectomy or maxillectomy